Sudo service httpd status but command not found. I look up in Google and discover systemctl so I try that. Sudo man systemctl and it shows no manual entry for systemctl. I noticed that I didn't see much mac os and only see linux in the websites on Google. Does the command systemctl and service exists on linux only and not Mac?

Introduction

To have a full Raspberry Pi experience, you should use Raspbian, the OS developed exclusively for Raspberry Pi. Raspbian is a Debian-based system optimized to utilize Raspberry Pi hardware most efficiently. If you want to transfer data or administer the device remotely via SSH, you need to enable SSH first.

Follow the steps in this guide to learn how to enable SSH on Raspberry Pi without a screen, from the GUI, or using the raspi-config file. We will also show you how to find the IP address of your Raspberry Pi and how to SSH into the device.

• Raspberry Pi with Raspbian installed
• Access to a computer with a microSD or SD card reader (for pre-2014 Raspberry Pi versions)
• Necessary admin permissions to perform the tasks
• Access to an SSH client: PuTTy in Windows or Terminal in Linux/macOS

If you installed any of the Raspbian versions from late 2016 onwards, then SSH is disabled by default. The reason behind this decision was to improve security. Since all Raspbian images come with a user “pi” and the default password “raspberry,” it was easy for hackers to use this in their favor.

However, you can easily enable SSH on Raspberry Pi even if you do not have a monitor and keyboard connected. We will explain three possible ways to enable SSH on Raspbian. Read through the guide and choose the method that you prefer.

Many users run these devices as a web or media server and configure them via SSH. If you use your Raspberry Pi without a monitor and keyboard, then the only way to enable SSH in headless mode is to use a blank boot file.

For this task, you need to create an empty ssh file on another machine. We will use this file on the Raspbian boot SD card to enable SSH. If you do not feel like creating the file yourself, we made the blank ssh boot file available for download.

To enable SSH on Raspberry Pi in headless mode, follow these steps:

1. Make sure you properly installed Raspbian on your Raspberry Pi microSD card. If you have already done so, turn off the device and remove the card.

2. Put the microSD card in the card reader of your computer. Wait until the card mounts. You may need to use a microSD to SD card adapter. All recent Raspberry Pi versions use microSD instead of standard-size SD cards.

3. Navigate to the boot folder. This is the root folder of your SD card. Bootis the default volume name when you install a Raspbian system on an SD card. If you are on a Windows machine, use any file manager, such as Explorer. On macOS or Linux, open a terminal window and type:

Note that the name of your SD card can be something other than “boot”. If it is, open the root volume folder and proceed with the next steps.

4. In the boot volume, create a file without an extension and name it ssh.

• • On Windows,right-click anywhere in the boot volume’s white space and select New > Text Document. Delete the .txt extension before you hit Enter. If Windows Explorer on your computer does not show file extensions, click View and enable File name extensions in the menu bar.

• • On Mac or Linux, run the touchcommand while in the boot directory to create a blank ssh file:

5. Safely removeor eject thecard from the computer and insert it again in your Raspberry Pi.

6. Boot up Raspberry Pi.

Every time you turn on the Pi board, the device looks for the ssh file. When the device finds the file, then SSH is enabled automatically. If you correctly created an empty ssh file without an extension, you can now SSH into your device.

Things get much faster and easier when you have a monitor and peripherals connected to your Raspberry Pi. If you are used to configuring your device using a GUI, follow the steps below.

Once your device boots up:

1. Click the raspberry logo at the top-left corner.

2. Select Preferences > Raspberry Pi Configuration.

3. Navigate to the Interfaces tab in the configuration window.

4. Enable SSH in the second line.

5. Click OK to save the changes.

That’s it. Your Raspberry Pi is now accessible via SSH. Make sure the device is connected to the internet before trying to establish an SSH session.

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If you are used to configuring your system from the terminal, you can choose one of the two options below.

To enable SSH using the raspi-config tool:

1. Open the terminal on your Raspberry Pi and run the tool by typing:

A BIOS-looking raspi-config tool loads.

2. Use the arrows on your keyboard to select Interfacing Options.

3. Select the P2SSH option on the list.

4. Select <Yes> on the “Would you like the SSH server to be enabled?” prompt.

5. Hit Enter on the “The SSH server is enabled” confirmation box.

6. Navigate down and select Finish to close the raspi-config.

You can close the terminal window. Your device is now ready to accept SSH connections.

The final option to enable SSH on Raspberry Pi is to start the systemctlservice from your terminal.

To do so, load the terminal and run these two commands:

The ssh service is now both enabled and started.

Now that you enabled SSH on your Raspberry Pi, you can use SSH to connect from another machine.

Before we can continue, you need to find the IP address of your device. While you are logged in the Raspbian system, open the terminal and run this command:

Alternatively, you can run theifconfig or ip a command to find the IP address. We prefer using the hostname command as it only displays the address without other network information.

Using SSH to remotely manage a Raspberry Pi device is the same as managing any other Linux-based machine. Both macOS and Linux have SSH clients by default.

To connect via SSH to your Raspberry Pi from the terminal, use this command:

Note: Pi is the default user account. If you use another account name, type it in instead of Pi. Use your device's IP address identified in the previous step.

The first time you connect to your Raspberry Pi, you will get a prompt to accept the RSA key. Type yes, and the new SSH session starts.

Windows users can SSH into Raspberry Pi using PuTTY.

Start the tool and enter the IP address of your device. Make sure SSH is selected, and the port set to 22.

Click Open to start a new session. Enter your Raspberry Pi’s account username and password.

In November 2016, SSH was disabled by default on Raspbian. This move was made to prevent Raspberry Pi devices from potentially becoming a part of an IoT botnet.

Now that you have decided to use SSH to connect to your Raspberry Pi, we advise you to change the default account password.

Since all Raspbian installations come with a default account and password, it is easy for hackers to log into your device. To make your device less vulnerable, change Raspberry Pi’s default password.

1. To do so, run the raspi-config tool from the terminal on your device:

2. Select the Change User Password option.

Follow the instructions to change the password. Your Raspberry Pi is now ready and more secure for SSH access. We recommend you take further steps to improve SSH security.

Now you know how to enable SSH on Raspberry Pi. This tutorial has shown you how to enable the service even if you do not have a monitor and keyboard connected to your Raspberry Pi. If you have the peripherals connected, then you can choose the method that suits you best.

Make sure you take a few basic steps to secure your device. If you need a reminder on the most common SSH commands, refer to our Linux SSH commands guide.

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Maybe you need to work on remote projects, maybe you have multiple computers running different OS’ and you find yourself always going back and forth between them or maybe you just need to access a server. So how would you go about it?

You could use a cloud file hosting servive and sync everything across your computers, but depending on your needs that can get expensive. You could use an USB stick or external HDD/SSD, but if you run different OS’ with different filesystems that can quickly become an unnecessary headache. You can also use a FPT client like Filezilla but you can’t work on the remote filesystem unless you copy the file(s) on your local machine first.

If you don’t already have a system in place that works for you, you should take a look at SSHFS – a file system in user space that uses the SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) to mount a remote file system.

ALSO READHOW TO: Mount any Torrent File as a Read-Only Directory on Linux and macOS

The sshfs command is a client tool for using SSHFS to mount a remote file system from another server locally on your machine.

NOTE: first thing make sure that OpenSSH (client and server – on the remote machine you’ll need the OpenSSH server running ) is installed on both your local machine and remote machine. Also if you’re using a firewall you’ll need to allow the connection or create rules for the connection.

NOTE: this will work in any configuration ( i.e Linux-Linux, Linux-macOS, Linux-Windows and vice-versa )

Mounting a remote filesystem on Linux

1. I assume you know how to check if OpenSSH is installed, if not install it, and make sure it’s running. But just as a quick guide:

• Arch-based distro sudo pacman -S openssh ( this package contains both the client and the server )
• Debian/Ubuntu-based distro sudo apt-get install openssh-client openssh-server

2. To make sure that the SSH server is running on your remote machine, assuming you’re running systemd, you need to run sudo systemctl start sshd . If you want to enable the service so it’s always running you can do that with sudo systemctl enable sshd.

2.1 In my case I’m trying to mount a macOS filesystem. To start SSH on macOS go to System Preferences > Sharing > Remote Login. You can also do it from the command line with sudo systemsetup -setremotelogin on. To turn it off from the command line use sudo systemsetup -setremotelogin off. To check if remote login is enabled/disabled use sudo systemsetup -getremotelogin

3. Now you’ll need the IP address of the remote machine. You can get that with ip addr. If you want to do a quick check to see if you can access the remote machine you can ping remote-machine-ip.

4. Now install SSHFS. This is straightforward as it’s shipped by all major linux distros. For example:

• Arch-based distrossudo pacman -S sshfs
• Debian/Ubuntu-based distrossudo apt-get install sshfs
• Fedora dnf install fuse-sshfs
• CentOS/RHEL yum install fuse-sshfs

5. Where do you want to mount the remote filesystem? Typically you’ll want to mount it in /mnt. Create a mount point folder in /mnt with sudo mkdir folder-name. ( since I’m mounting my macOS filesystem on my Linux machine, I (creatively) named the folder “mac” )

5.1 The folder you’ve just created will be owned by root. Since it is recommended to not be root, change the ownership to your user with sudo chwon user:user folder-name

6. Now you can mount the remote machine with sshfs [user@]hostname:[directory] mountpoint. ( i.e username-of-remote-machine@ip-of-remote-machine:/folder mount-point-of-local-machine )

7. Now when you cd in the mount point ( or use a GUI file manager ) you’ll see the mounted filesystem.

8. To unmount the remote machine run fusermount -u /mnt/folder-name/. NOTE: Make sure you’re not using the directory, otherwise it won’t unmount.

NOTE: To keep your desired directory mounted on your system through reboots, you can create a persistent mount by updating your /etc/fstabfile and creating a pair of SSH keys.

NOTE: if you don’t want a persisten mount, you can speed up the process using an alias

Mounting remote a filesystem on macOS

1. Install Homebrew.

2. Once Homebrew is installed, install SSHFS and OSXFUSE with brew install sshfs && brew cask install osxfuse.

3. Now it’s just a matter of following the tutorial for Linux. Turn on SSH ( see above at 2.1 ). Create a folder with any name, anywhere you want to ( I created one called Arch on my desktop ) and once you know the IP of the remote machine and the SSH server runs on it you can mount it with sshfs [user@]hostname:[directory] mountpoint

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4. Once mounted, you’ll notice the folder’s icon changing. And you can access it.

5. To unmount the drive however you will need to do it with umount mountpoint.

Mounting remote filesystem on Windows

Macos Sudo Password

1. Make sure OpenSSH is installed.

2. Install WinFsp and SSHFS-Win.

3. Open Windows Explorer, right click on This PC and select Map Network Drive

4. Now specify the drive letter for the connection and mount the drive with sshfsUSER@REMOTE-IP[PATH]

5. Enter the password for the remote machine

6. The remote drive is now mounted.

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Learn more about SSHFS and SSHFS-Win. Also don’t forget to man sshfs and/or sshfs -h